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Visual attention to faces in intersexual and intrasexual selection
Pátková, Žaneta ; Třebická Fialová, Jitka (advisor) ; Lukavský, Jiří (referee) ; Stirratt, Michael (referee)
This thesis focuses on visual attention towards faces in intersexual and intrasexual selection. It consists of two main parts. The first part begins with a brief overview of the intersexual and intrasexual selection mechanisms. Within the framework of intersexual selection, facial attractiveness is discussed, with its putative link to health and immune system function. Within the framework of intrasexual selection, the thesis focuses on perceived facial dominance and formidability and their connection to actual characteristics. Moreover, specific facial traits and morphological features connected with judgements of attractiveness, dominance, and formidability are described. Given the scarce evidence of direct visual attention towards facial features connected with judgements of facial attractiveness and dominance or formidability, we discuss the eye-tracking method, which can measure direct visual attention. A brief summary of eye-tracking studies focusing on visual attention to faces, especially during attractiveness and dominance assessments, is provided. Finally, the thesis focuses on how individual sensory modalities (visual, olfactory and vocal) relate to each other in the perception of individuals and the detection of cues to an individual's quality. The second part of this thesis includes...
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From the facial reconstruction based on the skull to the identification of the individual: demands, principles, problems
Moštková, Miroslava ; Brůžek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Blažek, Vladimír (referee)
Facial reconstruction based on the skull is a technique allowing recreation of the original facial features of an individual. However, recreation of the exact look is nearly impossible at this time. Facial reconstruction is used during archaeological research or during investigation of forensic cases. The facial reconstruction methods used are morphoscopic, morphometric, or a combination of the two. They are used during a manual and computerized process to create two dimensional or three-dimensional reconstruction of the individual. Accuracy and reliability can be determined with each one of these methods by quantitative and qualitative measurements. Reliability and accuracy of the facial reconstruction should also be considered from a view of the facial perception. The human face is perceived in a holistic-analytical way which is based on a calculation of the distances between different features. Facial reconstruction is based on the recognition of familiar faces that are perceived on the basis of internal features that are not influenced by differences in the view angle or expression. Unfamiliar faces are perceived on the basis of from external features. Faces with significant facial features are identified faster. Facial features can be organized by the significance of their influence for recognition of...
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From the facial reconstruction based on the skull to the identification of the individual: demands, principles, problems
Moštková, Miroslava ; Brůžek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Blažek, Vladimír (referee)
Facial reconstruction based on the skull is a technique allowing recreation of the original facial features of an individual. However, recreation of the exact look is nearly impossible at this time. Facial reconstruction is used during archaeological research or during investigation of forensic cases. The facial reconstruction methods used are morphoscopic, morphometric, or a combination of the two. They are used during a manual and computerized process to create two dimensional or three-dimensional reconstruction of the individual. Accuracy and reliability can be determined with each one of these methods by quantitative and qualitative measurements. Reliability and accuracy of the facial reconstruction should also be considered from a view of the facial perception. The human face is perceived in a holistic-analytical way which is based on a calculation of the distances between different features. Facial reconstruction is based on the recognition of familiar faces that are perceived on the basis of internal features that are not influenced by differences in the view angle or expression. Unfamiliar faces are perceived on the basis of from external features. Faces with significant facial features are identified faster. Facial features can be organized by the significance of their influence for recognition of...
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The role of minority type preference in human sexual selection
Pokorný, Šimon ; Kleisner, Karel (advisor) ; Třebický, Vít (referee)
Minority phenotype preference, or the negative frequency-dependent selection is a type of selection, where a feature is more preferred, the lower it's frequency is in the population. Even a weak effect in other-preference based sexual selection can result in a sustainable polymorphism. This study reviews the phenomenon in the context of human visual facial features. Common trends in attractiveness shape the morphology of the human face towards uniformity. Individual recognition however, as a condition for most social relations, uses the wast variability of different features. This variability could be formed and maintained by minority phenotype preference. In our study we tested the effect of minority phenotype preference in the selection for rare hair and eye colors. In 120 unique sets, each containing six photographs, we experimentally manipulated the frequency of each color type. These sets were then shown to 226 human raters. We tested whether the relative frequency of each color type affected the rating of individual stimuli. In hair color, significant effect of minority phenotype preference was detected when females rated the photographs of men. When males rated the photographs of females, the effect was significant in eye color only. Key words: face perception, sexual selection,...
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Assessed psychological characteristics of human face in depedence on socio-economical status
Linke, Lenka ; Kleisner, Karel (advisor) ; Pivoňková, Věra (referee)
Human face is a complex semantic organ, which among others reflects also human individuality due to the high variance of facial morphologies. This study examines the relationship between psychological characteristics and social status. Moreover, we have analyzed variability in facial form and its relation to a particular social rank. The study was performed on a set of photographs containing 55 pictures of men in a management position. These photographs were evaluated by 47 male (average age - 22 years) and 77 female (average age 21,6 years) respondents. The data were analyzed by means of classical methods of statistical testing as well as geometric morphometrics methods. This study tests whether there is a relation between three psychological characteristics - dominance, attractiveness, trustworthiness - and social status. The effect of perceived dominance and attractiveness on social status were not significant. Nevertheless, we found statistically significant relationship between perceived trustworthiness and social rank. We were not able to detect morphological facial structures, which would distinguish the heads of department from the chief executive directors. However the parametric tests discovered statistically significant differences between the facial morphology of a trustworthy and...
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